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Pi Gamma Mu or ΠΓΜ (from Πολιτικές Γνώσεως Μάθεται) is the oldest and preeminent honor society in the social sciences. It is also the only interdisciplinary social science honor society. It serves the various social science disciplines which seek to understand and explain human behavior and social relationships as well as their concomitant problems and issues. Pi Gamma Mu's constitution defines the social sciences to include the disciplines of history, political science, sociology, anthropology, economics, psychology, international relations, criminal justice, social work, social philosophy, history of education, and human geography. Membership is also extended to interdisciplinary social science fields that build on the core social science disciplines, such as business administration, education, cultural and area studies, public administration, and organizational behavior. The mission of Pi Gamma Mu is to encourage and recognize superior scholarship in social science disciplines and to foster cooperation and social service among its members. ==History== In 1924, Dr. Leroy Allen, dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas and Dr. William Angus Hamilton, dean of both the Law School and School of Business Administration at The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia established an honor society to promote academic excellence and achieve "integration and humanization" in the social sciences. The early 1900s witnessed the autonomous development of the younger social science fields, including social work, international relations and criminal justice. Of greater concern among some of the leading scholars of the time was what they saw as the increasing tendency toward "sheer quantification"〔''Social Science'' 8 (April–June 1933): 522.〕 and "mensuration"〔 in the traditional social science disciplines. The founders of the new honor society believed that "if the social sciences are to render any adequate service to humanity, factionalism, separatism and dehumanization in them must be overcome." 〔''Social Science'' 10 (January–March 1935): 34.〕 The honor society was named Pi Gamma Mu from the initials of the three Greek words that describe the Society's objective: ''Politixes Gnōseōs Mathetai'' (''Πολιτικές Γνώσεως Μάθεται''), the study of political and social science. The term ''Politixes'' or "political science or phenomena" encompassed the field of economics, which was then commonly referred to as political economy, its original name. Pi Gamma Mu stood not only for scholarship in the social sciences, but also for synthesis and cooperation among its various branches. It was an early advocate of an interdisciplinary as well as a cross-disciplinary approach to the study of social problems.〔Roger Lee Mendoza, ''Negotiating Between Antecedents, Precedents and Innovations: The Pi Gamma Mu Story at Penn'', Philadelphia, PA, 2008, pp. 5-7, http://franklin.library.upenn.edu/record.html?q=roger%20mendoza&qt=dla-author&id=FRANKLIN_4387400&..〕 In Dean Allen, Pi Gamma Mu had a creative visionary and in Dean Hamilton a highly respected leader who was also described as "an authority on fraternal organizations and a leader in fraternal circles."〔W. Hamilton Bryson, ''Legal Education in Virginia 1779-1979: A Biographical Approach '' (Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1982), p. 82.〕 By November 1924, the founding members led by Dean Allen and Dean Hamilton had drafted a constitution for the Society and issued charters to the first 17 chapters, mostly private, liberal arts colleges and universities led by Southwestern College and the College of William and Mary. The next year, the first issue of the Society's official journal, ''Social Science'' (subtitled "For the scientific study of social problems"), was published and distributed to its members. The journal's stated objectives were "the promotion of the social sciences in college curricula" and "the integration of the social sciences in the education of students." 〔''Minutes of the Board of Trustees of Pi Gamma Mu, Inc''., Atlantic City, New Jersey, December 27–28, 1932.〕 The Society was formally incorporated as a non-profit organization in the state of Colorado in 1929 under the name "The National Social Science Honor Society, Pi Gamma Mu, Inc".〔Colorado, then as now, was among the few states that allowed the offices of a corporation to be maintained and its board members to reside in any state. For this reason, the papers of incorporation for Pi Gamma Mu were filed in Colorado, rather than Kansas, in April 1929.〕 After Dr. Hamilton died in 1929, much of the groundwork for the new Society had to be laid by Dr. Allen who served as its first national president (1924–1931) and then national secretary (1931–1947). Pi Gamma Mu had for its succeeding presidents several distinguished social scientists, including the noted sociologist and American Sociological Association president Charles Abram Ellwood of Duke University, co-founder of the Society and its president from 1931 to 1937, Dr. S. Howard Patterson (president, 1937–1951), a renowned microeconomist who was then professor of economics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and author of several classic textbooks in the field, and political scientist W. Leon Godshall of Lehigh University, the Society's president from 1951 until his untimely death in 1956 and under whose initiative the founding of foreign chapters was authorized.〔Mendoza, ''op.cit'', http://franklin.library.upenn.edu/record.html?q=roger%20mendoza&qt=dla-author&id=FRANKLIN_4387400&.〕 At a time when very few women held leadership positions anywhere, Pi Gamma Mu elected Grace Raymond Hebard, one of its founders, as national vice-president (1924–1931). Then the foremost historian of the Native Americans, Dr. Hebard was also a civil engineer, surveyor, bibliography scholar, head of the University of Wyoming's political economy department and a leader in the women's suffrage movement in the United States. The late 1920s and 1930s was a period of heightened growth for Pi Gamma Mu. Columbia University in New York City was the first large university to establish a chapter (1925) of the Society. The University of Hawaii chapter was the first to be organized outside of the continental United States. In 1932, the first foreign chapter was chartered at the University of Toronto in Canada. Later that year, a chapter was also installed at the University of the Philippines; a second Philippine chapter was organized at De La Salle University in 1989. In 1955, the trustees of Pi Gamma Mu voted to grant a charter to the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico. In 2007, the Kuwait Alpha at the American University of Kuwait became Pi Gamma Mu's newest international chapter. To acknowledge its chapters outside of the United States, the Board of Trustees took action in 1980 to change the name of the Society to "Pi Gamma Mu, International Honor Society in Social Sciences". In 1982, the name of its official journal was also changed to International Social Science Review.〔Scott D. Johnston, ''Pi Gamma Mu International Honor Society in Social Science: First 75 Years'' (Winfield, KS, 1999), pp. 37-39.〕 In 1991 to enhance its international scope, the trustees approved the conferring of affiliate (or associate member) status on visiting fellows and exchange students who demonstrate academic excellence in their fields but are not otherwise expected to complete their degree programs at a Pi Gamma Mu sheltering college or university. The same international emphasis continued as the Philippines Alpha chapter commemorated its 75th Anniversary on March 7, 2007. The unique influence of the Philippines Alpha chapter is recorded in Scott Johnston’s work, ''Pi Gamma Mu International Honor Society in Social Science First 75 Years'': “Again the quality of the people elected to the Philippines Alpha chapter has been most impressive. They have included two Presidents of the Republic, two Prime Ministers, a dozen Supreme Court Justices, and two dozen Cabinet members. Concerning the University of the Philippines itself, there have been six Presidents, a dozen Vice Chancellors and dozens upon dozens of Deans of the University.” Pi Gamma Mu currently has active chapters in over 150 colleges and universities. Its total elected members number over 234,000. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pi Gamma Mu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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